Electric Car
AUT115
• Electric cars, or full electric cars, rely entirely on electricity stored in the battery pack to move the
wheels, unlike internal combustion cars that run on conventional fuel (gasoline or diesel).
When the conventional car is running out of fuel, the driver has to stop at a gas station to fill the car's tank.
In contrast, the driver of an electric vehicle can recharge the battery using an external source of electricity.
Rechargeable hybrid cars have a petrol or diesel engine as well as an electric motor, but the driver
can recharge the battery in the same way.
• Because the electric motor can generate torque at extremely low speeds, electric cars use single-speed transmission, unlike conventional cars that require multiple gears. Conventional motors generate power in a narrow engine speed range, requiring a number of gears to maintain engine speed in a range that provides better engine eciency.
Types of Electric cars :
1- Hybrid car: It does not have an input plug in, which is the most common type of car electric Available today, the hybrid car relies on two systems: an engine to generate electricity to feed batteries and a gasoline engine.
Almost every major manufacturer offers many different models of hybrid cars for customers to choose from.
2- Plug - in Hybrid: PHEV containing an input plug containing the car is on a rechargeable battery pack and
your donkey is powered by gasoline, and if the battery pack is exhausted, the gasoline engine takes over.
3- Vehicle Electric Battery: BEV: It is powered only by a package rechargeable batteries, nothing else
(without any gasoline) .
Types of Electric cars :
Electric cars with batteries:
The electric car is characterized by containing one moving part, the main components of the electric car are:
- Battery pack. -Organizer. - Electric motor.
Among its characteristics:
• The drive depends entirely on electric power The capacity of the batteries is large, usually of the type of lithium-ion, lithium-ion iron phosphate, lithium titanium, cobalt manganese nickel.
• With a range from short to medium until it reached 005 km.
• The battery pack is charged only from the electrical grid.
Among its characteristics:
Most modern electric cars include a microcomputer that monitors the performance of the car's core
components to control their performance by sending signals to the control unit and protection unit.
Components of the electric car:
- One of the important components of electric cars is the power electronics control unit, this unit is a circuit integrated with an algorithm that monitors voltage, current, temperature and ensures the performance and safety of some components in the car.
The role of the AC charging station is to safely provide power from the public electricity grid to the charger inside
the car of the connector type (AC/DC) and the car charger in turn converts AC power to DC power to charge the
car battery pack.
Electric car work:
The sequence of the car's work system is divided into:
Advantages of electric cars:
- The electric car is powered by an electric motor instead of conventional gasoline or diesel engines.
- The electric motor gets power from a controller, and the control unit gets power from a set of rechargeable high voltage batteries.
- The normal fuel meter is replaced with the voltage meter.
- To drive the car, the operation is done by placing the key in the working position, pressing the "Start" button, engaging the transmission and pressing the accelerator pedal to start.
- The electric car is powered by the electric energy stored in the pack of lithium batteries, which is often
high-priced, which contributes to raising the price of the car compared to traditional cars, which is one of
the obstacles that cause its lack of rapid spread, as well as the car can contain high-capacity capacitors, which
have a much greater capacity than other types of capacitors (but low voltage limits) and are used to store
electrical energy.
- The electric car contains two pedals, one for acceleration of the car and the other for braking, and when the
car user tramples on the accelerator pedal, it changes the frequency of the electric current coming out of the
inverter, so the speed of the engine increases, and when the user lifts his foot from the accelerator pedal and
presses the brake pedal, the car actually slows down its speed, and when the electric motor acts as an electricity
generator, helping to charge the battery, which is the optimal exploitation of the properties of the induction
motor.
- Electric motor parts are lower than the regular motor, so it rarely needs maintenance. The new generation of
cars with electric motors is characterized by low maintenance costs, for example, because they do not have to
change oil.
The sequence of the car's work system is divided into:
1- Subsystem of the source of electricity.
2- Auxiliary sub-system.
3- Sub-system of electric payment.
Advantages of electric cars:
- Environmentallyfriendly: it does not emit any carbon gases, i.e. low levels of global warming.
- There is no noise pollution (less sound) as the electric motor has little sound and there are no fans to cool it as in ordinary cars.
- Simple maintenance: Electric cars depend on batteries, as they do not need mechanical engines to work, along with all the components that usually come with internal combustion engines, which means that there are no normal costs as in conventional cars, such as changing valves, oils, maintenance of pumps, etc., all maintenance efforts focus on the battery only.
- Energy saving: Of course, the most important advantage of using electric cars is their electric charging licenses compared to gasoline and diesel (the cost of charging is lower than the cost of fuel.)
- Suitable for cities: While gasoline and diesel cars are distinguished by their good performance on highways, electric cars are distinguished within cities for their ease of operation and stopping instantaneously and directly compared to traditional cars (the possibility of charging during spatial trac stops)
- The internal components are electrical circuits, so their failures are less than the mechanical failures of ordinary cars.
-It works with cheap and clean power compared to the internal combustion engine.
- Great use of electricity in Arabic because only the motor and air conditioner work on the basic battery and lighting, and the rest of the use is through the small battery.
1- Identify the main parts of an electric car.
2- Electric vehicle operation.
3- Frequency and engine speed.
Disadvantages of electric cars:
- Specific charging station infrastructure: One of the biggest drawbacks is the lack of sufficient availability of
charging stations, especially in rural areas and outside the main cities, which means that long journeys are a major challenge.
- Non-guaranteed travel field: Every electric car has a net electric travel field determined by the company during its launch, but it is usually difficult to achieve these figures in real life, due to various factors of weather and otherwise, which play a major role in determining the field of travel, as cold weather leads to a reduction in the official field by approximately 04% in some cases.
- The range of travel is still limited, for example: there are cars with a range of 054 kilometers, which is the highest in the world, although this number remains smaller than the field of a regular gasoline car with a four-cylinder engine and a tank full of fuel, as it is able to drive without interruption for 006 kilometers on average.
- High price: It is significantly more expensive compared to conventional cars, which makes it outside the acceptable price range for many consumers, although the traditional response to this is that the car compensates for the high price diffierence in providing fuel expenses throughout its life.
- Electricity is not free: Electric cars can also have trouble with the electricity bill Sometimes, electric cars require a large charge in order to work properly, which may re ect negatively on the electricity bill .
- Short range of driving Speed: Limited in terms of range and speed, most of these cars range between 05 and 100 miles and need to be recharged again, but they cannot be used on longer trips although they are expected to improve in the future.
- Long recharge time: While it takes a few minutes to power a refueling car, an electric car takes about 4-6 hours to be fully charged.
- The maximum distance traveled by the charge gradually decreases with the battery consumption for a long period of more than 10 years begins to decrease
Experiences:
1- Identify the main parts of an electric car.
2- Electric vehicle operation.
3- Frequency and engine speed.
Ordernow